I’ve been walking around with the July/August 2007 issue of the Harvard Business Review constantly, for close to three years. Sometimes, if I'm getting on a plane, I'll put it with the other heavy stuff into my luggage, and then get it out later. When my last car broke down in the middle of an intersection, I got the magazine out of the trunk before I abandoned the car.
The article that I'm attached to is The Making of an Expert by Anders Ericsson, Michael Prietula and Edward Cokely. I would not normally bother to tell you all three authors for one article in my blog. This is not a medical journal. But I love the article so much, that I want you to know all of them.
The article changed how I think about what I am doing here. In my life. I think I am trying to be an expert.
Being an expert is not what you think, probably. For one thing, the article explains that “there is no correlation between IQ and expert performance in fields such as chess, music, sports, and medicine. The only innate differences that turn out to be significant”?and they matter primarily in sports — are height and body size. ”
So what factor does correlate with success? One thing emerges very clearly is that successful performers “had practiced intensively, had studied with devoted teachers, and had been supported enthusiastically by their families throughout their developing years.”
There are a few things about the article that really make me nervous. The first is that you need to work every single day at being great at that one thing if you want to be great. This is true of pitching, painting, parenting, everything. And if you think management in corporate life is an exception, you're wrong. I mean, the article is in the Harvard Business Review for a reason.
It used to be, more than 100 years ago, that you could be a prodigy and come out of nowhere and be great. There are stories like that, ones we hang onto when we do things like watch the Olympics and allow ourselves to think, “Maybe I'll be on the luge team in 2014.”
Today the standard for being an international success at anything is so high that the authors say you need to spend at least ten years working in a very focused, everyday way on the thing you want to be great at. Evidence: high schools swimmers today would beat Olympic records from years ago. (And in fact, the importance of hard work over raw talent is the subject of the most popular Freakonomics column ever in the New York Times.)
This part of the research worries me because there is not a lot I have invested this much time in. Maybe the only thing is writing. I'm not sure.
Well, there are other things, but I'm not sure I could be great. Figure skating is a good example. I figure skated for ten years. I was good, until I went through puberty and then was clearly the wrong body type to be doing double flips. I should have been a basketball player. Maybe.
A lot of being great at something is having the right coaching, and part of the right coaching is someone telling you where you're not gonna make it and where you are. I'm not sure I have this right now.
But the coaching that successful experts get is special. According to the article, usually someone starts with a local coach, for anything, and then the person moves on to a coach who has achieved huge success himself. And people who practice very hard every day start to have a sense of who can be a coach who is capable of helping them succeed, and who is a coach they have outgrown.
An example the authors use is Mozart. Yes, he had innate ability, but also, his father was a professional violinist, skilled composer and wrote the first book ever on violin instruction.
I am panicking that maybe I am just figure skating again. Maybe I am doing something I'll never be great at. I worry about this because I don't actually know what I'm doing. Am I getting good at bringing a startup from fruition to exit? Am I getting good at writing career advice?
I am thinking, maybe, the thing I'm getting good at is living my life out in the open. But I'm starting to worry that it's like figure skating. Because I have a natural limit: I don't want my kids to be psycho from overexposure. The farmer doesn't like being on my blog, and I am not getting good coaching right now. I mean, I'm not getting any coaching, I don't think.
This reminds me of the day I realized that my figure skating coach was an alcoholic. My dad picked me up at the rink. He asked why my skate guards were on. I said I never went skating. I said, “I think Ivar is sick.”
My dad said, “Yeah. I've been thinking that for a while.”
I said, “I don't think he really can teach me any more.”
My dad said, “I've been thinking that for a while.”
I remember the heartbreak I felt knowing that I didn't have a teacher. I remember also realizing that it's important to know who can teach and who can't. If you are a person who wants to be an expert, the thing you want most is a teacher. I think that's why I carry the magazine with me everywhere I go. To remind me to look. Like my life depends on it.
But I’ve recently started reading research beyond the article, and it turns out that the teacher isn’t the important per se, but rather, what you need is immediate, helpful feedback. And this is what you get when you have a blog. So maybe I am still on my path to being an expert, and I’m just crowdsourcing my coaching.
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Penelope
I partly agree and disagree with you regarding the statement of the requirements of being an expert. I do agree with you that being an expert takes a great deal of time. It also need coaching to provide feedback and mentoring for continual improvements until the relationship breaks down. However, I disagree with you stating that becoming an expert does not take significant amount of talent. In my mind, I think all three major components of time + effort, coaching + mentoring, determination, and talent. The reason for my statement is that if a person who’s talent in learning certain skills are so deficient that s/he would need 10000 hours to learn them as compared to a normal person (let’s say around 50 hours), wouldn’t that person become so discouraged to learn that particular skill?
Posted by Stanley Lee on February 3, 2010 at 2:20 pm | permalink |
I totally agree. Outliers was a great book, basically said it took 10,000 hours to become very good at something. IQ after 120 doesn’t really matter. I’d make the argument that a very high IQ would be a detriment as it often hurts your emotional and social skills (EQ/SQ?).
Posted by Sara on February 8, 2010 at 10:16 am | permalink |
The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance is where the core of the research is. However, this idea first came up in the 1800s with Nietzsche…
The seriousness of craft
Speak not of gifts, or innate talents! One can name all kinds of great men who were not very gifted. But they acquired greatness, became “geniuses” (as we say) through qualities about whose lack no man aware of them likes to speak; all of them had that diligent seriousness of a craftsman, learning first to form the parts perfectly before daring to make a great whole. They took time for it, because they had more pleasure in making well something little or less important, than in the effect of a dazzling whole. For example, it is easy to prescribe how to become a good short story writer, but to do it presumes qualities which are habitually overlooked when one says, “I don`t have enough talent.” Let a person make a hundred or more drafts of short stories, none longer than two pages, yet each of a clarity such that each word in it is necessary; let him write down anecdotes each day until he learns how to find their most concise, effective form; let him be inexhaustible in collecting and depicting human types and characters; let him above all tell tales as often as possible, and listen to tales, with a sharp eye and ear for the effect on the audience; let him travel like a landscape painter and costume designer; let him excerpt from the various sciences everything that has an artistic effect if well portrayed; finally, let him contemplate the motives for human behavior, and disdain no hint of information about them, and be a collector of such things day and night. In this diverse exercise, let some ten years pass: and then what is created in the workshop may also be brought before the public eye.
But how do most people do it? They begin not with the part but with the whole. Perhaps they once make a good choice, excite notice, and thereafter make ever worse choices for good, natural reasons.
Sometimes when reason and character are lacking to plan this kind of artistic life, fate and necessity take over their function, and lead the future master step by step through all the requisites of his craft.
Nietzsche
Human, All Too Human
Posted by Daniel M on February 9, 2010 at 2:46 am | permalink |
This blog and comments are tending toward the topic of “innovation” and “personal innovation.” How does one nurture innovation? I would like to offer one suggestion. Read some of the work by Dean Roger Martin of The Rotman School of Managemeent at The University of Toronto on the subject of “Integrative Thinking.” Roger Martin studied for ten to fifteen years how successful people in many disciplines think and then he summarized his findings in “Integrative Thinking.” If everyone tried to cultivate “Integrative Thinking” concepts in their everyday lives, they would find many win-win situations rather than have to accept compromises along the way.
“Integrative Thinking” means taking into account many more salient features of a situation than would be taken in by a conventional thinker, then trying to discern the interrelatedness of various cause and effect scenarios, looking at the holistic architecture of the situation and then seeking a “resolution” that takes the best of opposing viewpoints to create anew viewpoint.
Look it up and see how it applies to most of what has been commented here.
Posted by Mel B on February 9, 2010 at 8:34 am | permalink |
I agree that being an expert takes time, you really need to work hard on it. However, talent is something that incredibly speeds up the procedure. Most of the experts are the ones who combined their talents with years of hard work. So, we cannot ignore talent, in my opinion.
Posted by Nick Cord on February 10, 2010 at 4:02 am | permalink |
I am in my sixties and my non-profit organization retired me at the end of June, 2009. For more than three decades I served in programming, systems analyst work, systems administration, data base administration, consulting and tech support. My first work almost fifty years ago (at age fifteen) was residential construction in rural North Carolina. I am well into my own ten thousand hours as a writer. Also I suspect (undiagnosed) Asperger’s. The expertise to which I aspire is to live a happy life, especially as a relatively new grandparent. Thank you for this blog.
Posted by Bob Braxton on February 10, 2010 at 12:30 pm | permalink |
The importance of hard work over raw talent, hard work can only take you so far. I think of two movies, the firs Rudy the story of a college football player the was too small to slow but worked at it harder then any other player on the team. His wok ethic was off the charts and it only took him to a practice player. Second Movie The pursuit of happiness, Thandie Newton. A struggling salesman worked hard and face hard times and long odds. But in the end had the talent and the skill set to achieve the highest level of success.
Posted by Corona Homes For Sale on February 14, 2010 at 2:01 pm | permalink |
I absolutely agree with you.
Well, I’m running a website ( http://www.shiroinekoonline.com ) selling T-shirts and, before I’ve created the whole website, I thought everything was going to be easy because my t-shirts are cool. However, it was real hard to find a customer. Because, I think, there’re more than 1000000 sites that sell t-shirts and how can they find me is the mystery.
Then, I learnt about seo stuffs and etc. I just realized that it wasn’t easy at all.
To be a successful person can take a really long long time.
So, my advice, stick to it until you dig it.
Posted by Chris on February 16, 2010 at 11:12 pm | permalink |
Penelope,
This is a great post, but I think that you might want to consider what additional things, the things you don’t think of, will blossom from your work. Life is not linear, and neither is personal growth.
As an example, what additional things came of your skating other than being a great skater. i.e. better physical endurance, increased mental toughness? You may be sharpening talents that you are not even thinking of.
Best of luck!
Posted by Joe on February 17, 2010 at 5:12 pm | permalink |
Penelope, so happy that I found you through Maria,. I love Malcolm Gladwells books. Love is the Killer App IS ANOTHER GREAT BOOK WRITTEN BY Tim Sanders Yahoo’s Director of in-house Think tank.
I know that blogging has opened up my world to new ideas, new ways of connecting with people. The encouragement is great!
Karena
Art by Karena
Posted by Karena on February 28, 2010 at 6:29 pm | permalink |
I agree with many of the opinions. It takes ages to become an expert; I have ended up being wel versed in may aspecits of life, marketinf and industry but master of none. I endup running a business, went well but never quite reached the peak due to me not being master of management. I will follow these postes. John
Posted by John Jones on March 2, 2010 at 6:16 am | permalink |
A reason we can’t find experts in a workplace is that few of us ever get immediate, useful feedback, let alone find mentors and teachers. Many large corporate environments have feedback systems – reviews or objectives that are typically set to be met so everyone can claim success up the chain of command
Meaningful, instructional, feedback is tough to find, in my experience. But if someone is motivated to grow and develop expertise in a particular area, they can find what they need if they are willing to seek it out.
Posted by Hari Luker on March 2, 2010 at 12:22 pm | permalink |
You know, there’s a ton of great stuff in this post and the follow-on comments. I guess my own experience as a soccer player and then as a coach has made me who I am, in many ways. Why? Because my coaches always instilled in me a belief and vision that was bigger than I could identify for myself. That I “controlled my own destiny” that if I “think I can – I can”. This overriding theme has carried me to the point I was at a few years ago. When I stopped believing in myself and started falling… hard.
Now, a new coach has picked up where the others had left off – now I dream bigger and bigger each day. I set goals and I work my backside off to achieve them. True – my careers have changed over the years, but that’s the beauty – I keep learning new things, and yes, it takes a ton of time! But the journey of life is a long one, not to measured in speed, but in the distance traveled. As a final thought – the single longest distance you (or I) will ever travel is that 6-inches between your ears. Give yourself up to that and learn and expand as much as you can – Dream Big and Never Let Anyone Say You Can’t.
Posted by John Thomas on March 2, 2010 at 12:53 pm | permalink |
Life experience is knowledge. The best way to get good is just living. In my area, writing for http://www.versosamor.com.br was simply experience, I have never studied about love, I studied computers, but today I write, and people like (I believe so
).
Don´t just study – LIVE.
Posted by versos amor on March 2, 2010 at 8:53 pm | permalink |
I’m convinced that becoming an expert at anything takes several years. I read in a book that “mastering” an art such as piano or writing takes around 10,000 hours of work. And then there’s something beyond mastery that very few people have managed to accomplish, such as Beethoven.
Posted by Joaquin De la Sierra on March 3, 2010 at 2:25 am | permalink |
I really like this post. It’s so interesting and I very much want to apply it to my life.
I’m working at a job that is not interesting to me, but I’m doing something I’m good at (or so they tell me). But I have no passion for it and I know I cannot become an expert. Frustrating because I’m not working toward any one goal, figure skating or otherwise. How do I decide where my passions and skills intersect, so I can start practicing them every day (question I keep asking myself)? I’m afraid it’s going to take me 10 years to figure it out, before I start productively working toward expert status.
Posted by carak on March 3, 2010 at 6:46 am | permalink |
I must say, I believe that most all of us are experts at something. That is, if all it takes is ten years of doing.
Of course, not all things are worthy of praise, especially those ambitions based on selfish pursuits.
Posted by Jeff on March 3, 2010 at 11:28 pm | permalink |
I worked for a very high end engineering firm. They had some of the smartest people that couldn’t lead a dog to water. Sure they where smart individuals but that was, what I felt, their weakness. They where always above the rest of use, claiming to be the expert on everything. I agree with some of the previous posts. Real leaders and experts are people who gone through the trenches themselves and have a real understanding of all sides of the situation. I have learn the most from “Experts” with that kind of background. Great post!
Posted by Chris on March 5, 2010 at 7:11 pm | permalink |
Excellent article
I have always said that you have to be very careful where you get your advice from- never take weight loss advice from a fat doctor. I guess we are all trying to become experts at something. Whether we’re just attempting to be a better parent, a better partner or just trying hard to stay in our job through being an expert at it, we’re all on a similar path. Real experts however don’t need to say that they are, you just know. Whether it’s track record, reputation, media interest or some other factor, listen to people who have actually walked the walk. Talk really is cheap
Posted by Glenn on March 7, 2010 at 4:01 pm | permalink |
I believe in this.
When you were first born, you might have some talent but you are not an expert. Being expert means knowing the ups and downs of the road and noticing the easiest route. That’s why it takes time and effort to be an expert. You need to be on the road and walk on it. Talent is an excellent foundation though, but in reality, talent is just another word of believing in yourself.
Posted by Ken on March 7, 2010 at 9:30 pm | permalink |
I totally agree with this. People nowadays want to see result fast and tend to miss out on this fact that they need time to become an expert at something that they do.
There is no point in you being talented but do not spend time to put it to practice and you will never be an expert.
Lets talk mathematics for instance, you can be talented in math but if you do not put in time to practice them, you will not be an expert. Conversely a normal student can be an expert in maths if he or she put in time and effort to practice.
Posted by Dee on March 7, 2010 at 10:15 pm | permalink |
I believe every person was born with a dream for his o her life, and that dream is the kind of life you were born to love, and in order to achieve your dream, you will have to work hard, learn and practice, but since it is your dream and what you love to do, it would be just and amazing trip through life.
There is no better feeling that working on that thing you love the most.
Posted by Jadah on March 15, 2010 at 11:01 pm | permalink |
Wonderfully thought-provoking post, but it made me a little sad. So many people who can’t be experts because they didn’t get the right support? I don’t think we should limit ourselves by academic theories, even those from the Harvard Business Review. My daughter was told in 4th grade that she was a “kinesthetic learner”. The teacher who gave her the test told her that kinesthetic learners have trouble sitting still, learning in traditional classrooms and spelling. She came home telling me she can’t spell because she is a kinesthetic learner, which is ridiculous because she is great at spelling as well as learning in traditional classrooms. Sitting still – well she can sit still when she wants to. We have to be careful how we apply limiting theories!
But my main thought was: do we really want to be that much of an expert? Why? When I was in college and there was a guy in my area that was smarter than me in every way I felt like, “why bother?”. I took the question to smart-guy and he said the world doesn’t just need one smart person (or 10 or 1000), it needs everyone. Everyone has something to give. We would all be happier and more connected and would probably be giving more if we stopped worrying about whether we qualify as experts or not. What does it take to become an expert? — What does it take to become a lover of your art? To become someone who can share your passion and talent and inspire people to learn or think or go and do it themselves? That’s more interesting to me now than becoming an expert. I have just written my own mission statement without even realizing that I felt this way! Thank you for provoking thought!
Posted by Heather on March 16, 2010 at 7:04 pm | permalink |
I really liked this post along with the comments. A very interesting topic and worthy of more study.
I think of taking time to becoming an expert as being preeminent so that 1) decisions and relative comparisons can easily be made based on vast previous experience, 2) terms, concepts, etc. are so well understood that time can be spent focused on the work to be done, and 3) a well-established (professional and efficient) network of people and procedures are in place to assist if necessary.
The taking time aspect will become more critical in the future since many fields are becoming so much more complex and constantly changing at the same time.
Posted by Mark W. on March 29, 2010 at 6:36 pm | permalink |
Just as practice makes perfect, I’ve read a book I forgot what the title is but it says that being born with talented parents increases your chances to be talented as they are but it requires constant training to keep that or to really benefit from it. The same is true with being an expert, it doesn’t come instantly but something that has to be worked on constantly. This is what I’ve been telling in my blog that before people started listening to you, you’ve had more than 100 posts. Until we all reach that point, without abandoning our blog after a week of posting, then we could really say that we’rea blogger.
Jonha
Posted by Jonha on April 5, 2010 at 4:32 pm | permalink |
dont be so damn equivocal! Im trying to find the meat in this article and there isnt any. You touch on what it takes to be an expert: TIME. All the research shows “talent” has nothing to do with it. Its not even quantifyable. Someone commented it takes 10,000 hours, and thats correct. Minimum. Thats it.
Posted by carl whitmore on September 15, 2010 at 7:52 pm | permalink |
Penelope,
You said, “The first is that you need to work every single day at being great at that one thing if you want to be great. This is true of pitching, painting, parenting, everything.”
Momentum is a lie. I use to think it was like riding a bike. Pedal for a while, coast and then pedal some more to recapture momentum.
In reality it’s not like riding a bike. Rather, it is more like jogging. You can’t coast. Each step requires effort. If you stop, so does your forward progress.
There is no such thing as momentum. Rather, it depends on choices. In the jogging metaphor, each step is a choice. Better choices lead to greater success. I came up with a little phrase as a reminder to myself:
“Continue making better choices with ever increasing frequency”
Peace!
Posted by Gilroy Homes For Sale on October 9, 2010 at 1:33 am | permalink |
i love to see women doing some figure skating routines~-;
Posted by Wrench Set ` on October 11, 2010 at 12:14 pm | permalink |